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Journal of Humanistic Psychology
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Motivation in Developmental Context: A New Method for Studying Self-Actualization

Steven Reiss, Ph.D.

Nisonger Center at Ohio State University.

Susan M. Havercamp, Ph.D.

Center for Development and Learning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Maslow’s hierarchy implies that human growth is associated with adult maturity, a decrease in the prepotency of "lower" motives and an increase in the prepotency of "higher" motives. These hypotheses were evaluated with data from 1,712 participants who had been tested with the Reiss Profile, which is a standardized assessment of a comprehensive range of enduring (trait) strivings. The results provided some support for Maslow’s general idea of human growth: The lower motives (such as eating and exercise) were stronger for younger versus older adults, whereas the higher motives (such as honor and idealism) were stronger for older versus younger adults. The results demonstrated a new method for studying some of the issues raised by Maslow.

Key Words: Maslow • higher motives • lower motives • human growth • Reiss Profile

Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 45, No. 1, 41-53 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0022167804269133
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