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Personality Construct of Hardiness, IV: Positive Cognitions and Emotions Concerning Oneself and Developmentally Relevant Activities
Salvatore R. Maddi*,
Richard H. Harvey,
Deborah M. Khoshaba,
Mostafa Fazel,
and
Nephthys Resurreccion
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: srmaddi{at}uci.edu.
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Abstract |
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Personality hardiness has emerged as a composite of the interrelated attitudes of commitment, control, and challenge that provides the existential courage and motivation to turn stressful circumstances from potential disasters into growth opportunities. This study contributes to the construct validity of the latest measure of hardiness, the Personal Views Survey III–R (PVS III-R). In a large sample of undergraduates, the PVS III-R measure of hardiness showed adequate internal consistency reliability, the expected intercorrelation of components, and the absence of relationship to socially desirable responding. Furthermore, as expected, hardiness was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and hostility, even though it was also negatively related to avoidance of intrusive, stressful thoughts. Also as expected, hardiness was associated with positive attitudes toward school, instructors, and ones own capabilities and standards as well as expressed satisfaction with life. This pattern of results fits well with those of previous construct-validational studies of hardiness.
First published on February 23, 2009, doi:10.1177/0022167809331860
Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2009;49:292.
A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2009

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